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“热腾腾”的农牧民运动会******

　　【新春走基层】

　　光明日报记者 李慧 赵明昊

　　春节前夕，藏在山坳坳里的新疆呼图壁县雀尔沟镇南山牧村，开启了一场别开生面的运动会。赛马、长跑、押加、拔河、叼羊……赛场上选手激情澎湃，赛场下观众喝彩不断。雀尔沟镇冬季农牧民运动会现场，到处都是热腾腾的模样。

　　“一比零，换场地！”押加场地上的一声吆喝，吸引了记者的注意。押加也叫背向拔河，不仅考验选手的力气，还考验他们的身体协调性和观察力。挤进层层人群，只见两个身材壮硕的小伙子正互相背对着彼此，一条长粗绳子从他们两腿间穿过后套在颈部。在裁判示意下，两人俯身四肢着地，埋着头蓄势待发。“开始！”口令响起，两人猛地向前方冲去，直到其中一人把绳上的坠条拉过决胜线，比赛才算结束。

　　另一边，偌大的叼羊场地上，两方人马正策马扬鞭，飞驰在雪地上争夺羊只。他们看似混战一团，内里却暗藏不少门道：有人冲群抢羊，有人掩护卡位，形势时时更迭变换。“摔跤见力气，叼羊见勇气。”哈萨克牧民们淋漓尽致地展现了这句谚语的真谛。赛骑术、比力气、拼智慧，但更重要的是顽强拼搏的精神。

　　“南山牧村是东道主，实力强劲，不过我们有信心胜过他们，拿到最终的冠军！”刚刚赢得比赛的雀尔沟村叼羊队队长哈那提·卡白纵身下马，头上热气蒸腾。

　　“为了这次比赛，我们村每半个月就组织训练一次。队员们骑术很强，但叼羊和足球一样，要讲究彼此配合。”哈那提神采奕奕，略带骄傲地说起自己从小便享受纵马飞驰的感觉。“牧民嘛，夏忙冬闲。以前镇上活动少，现在组织了很多传统项目运动会，不仅让孩子们对祖传的技艺兴趣更浓，也让村里的凝聚力和荣誉感变强了。”

　　赛场周边，雪地摩托、雪圈、骑马、骑骆驼等多种娱乐项目，让闻讯赶来的大批游客大呼“攒劲”。捕捉到商机的各村村民们，纷纷把自家毡房搬过来，或架起炉子烤制喷香的羊肉串，或摆开大锅烹饪特色马肉抓饭，还有不少牧民拿出自家制作的熏马肉、熏马肠，吸引着游客品尝。

　　“一天收入2000块钱，忙得很嘞！往常卖一头牛才能挣上两千元。”南山牧村村民阿扎尔笑着说。她告诉记者，听闻镇上举办了运动会，村里主动帮她搭建了毡房销售农产品，“家里牲畜不多，能有一份额外收入补贴家用非常不错！”

　　农闲人不闲，农牧民运动会让各民族文化得到了传承保护和繁荣发展，也让“冰天雪地也是金山银山”落到了实处。“新疆冰雪资源十分丰富，广大群众热爱体育运动，冬季运动不仅深具群众基础和特殊优势，也是激活冬季旅游市场、助力经济高质量发展的重要途径。立足冰雪旅游资源，丰富农牧民群众精神文化生活，乡村振兴动能越来越足。接下来，我们还会举办农牧民春晚和秧歌社火等活动，通过文化旅游融合发展，不断提升各族群众幸福指数。”雀尔沟镇党委委员哈杰提·哈卖提说。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月11日 03版）

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）